National security: interplay of environmental, human and food (in)securities in Nigeria

Abstract

The recognition of safe biosphere and environment as critical elements in security architecture has received increased multidisciplinary attention in recent years. Issues of environmental security have deepened the depth and broadened the scope of security discourse. The security or otherwise of the Nigerian geopolitical construct is a reflection of its environmental security as well as the dynamic interplay of human security and food security. This paper examines human, food and environmental dimensions of security in Nigeria, with focus on how each dimension mutually reinforces the other and combines to impact national security. The study relied on secondary data from both quantitative and qualitative methods. Using content analysis, it is observed that environmental issues are central to the (in)security of Nigeria and its people. It argues that the environmental degradation resulting from extractive productions in the Niger-Delta region coupled with the continued desertification of the arid north cumulatively stresses the security balance of the country. The study reveals that environmental (in)security constitutes the remote cause of farmer-herders crises, kidnapping, cattle rustling, banditry and piracy in Nigeria. These insecurity indicators have also threatened food security in the country. The paper therefore recommends compliance with environmental safety protocols and resilient development practices in industrial and extractive sectors and divestment from non-renewable energy. It argues further for the government's effective management of ensuing competition over water resources in the middle–belt and southern parts asides provision of adequate water channels in the northern part of the country. The paper concludes that addressing man-made and nature induced environmental issues constitute the roadmap to a strengthened national security.