The hydrogen is hope and reality

Abstract

This paper deals with green hydrogen production, conversion and end uses. Nowadays global energy consumption was increased increasingly due to the growing the population and standards of living style. Moreover, with increasing the global warming and environmental pollution, the development of renewable energy sources was becoming more essential. Hydrogen is one of the most promising clean and sustainable energy carriers and emits only water as a by-product without any carbon emissions. Hydrogen (H2) is the simplest first chemical element of the periodic table. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, accounting for approx. 75% is hydrogen, but it occurs only in bound form in its compounds, from which hydrogen can only be produced by investing a large amount of energy (in the case of water decomposition it is 286 kJ/mol). On Earth, hydrogen only occurs naturally in compounds formed with other elements including in oxygen to form water (H2O) and carbon to form hydrocarbons which are found in fossil fuels such as natural gas (predominately methane (CH4 )), coal and petroleum. Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This reaction takes place in a unit called an electrolyser. A fuel cell utilizes the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity without combustion or pollution. Fuel cell is not a new technology. Major industrial nations must look to a range of options to reduce their carbon emissions and meet their various environmental targets. Of the many emerging solutions, hydrogen will have a significant part to play in our sustainable future as an efficient and clean energy carrier that can be utilised in new applications but also integrated into existing industrial processes in place of fossil fuels. The green hydrogen revolution has started, and we hope it will not be stopped.