Challenges and risks of nuclear energy investments in Africa

Abstract

Nuclear power remains a key element of clean energy production, as it can generate continuous, low-carbon electricity while reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Its potential is particularly significant in Africa, where rapid urbanisation and growing energy demand require reliable energy sources. The deployment of nuclear power in Africa faces significant technical, financial, and infrastructural challenges. Public scepticism, high capital investment, and a lack of trained personnel continue to block its deployment. From a geopolitical point of view, nuclear energy development intersects with governance structures, as seen in North Africa, where political stability and transparency are key concerns. The case of Ghana highlights the economic trade- offs between nuclear power and renewable alternatives such as solar power. Russia's nuclear export strategy illustrates both the opportunities and the risks of international nuclear cooperation. Despite technological advances, cost overruns and political instability remain a major threat to nuclear deployment. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive regulatory framework, public-private partnerships, and international cooperation to ensure the safe and sustainable deployment of nuclear energy.