Ecotoxigological impact of some fungicides used in agriculture on soil useful microbiota and enzymatic activities in vitro

Abstract

One of the main factors that affect the distribution and activity of microorganisms in the soil is the usage of practices. Nowadays, when the global population is increased and the agricultural land is decreased and also due to the climatic changes, humans increasingly applied the pesticides in agriculture to increase the crop production for humanity and controlling various plant diseases. As a result of these applications, the amount and number of pesticides used is increasing.in which are intensively polluting the agricultural soil environment. The effects of different fungicides on microbial content and enzymatic activity in the soil need to be studied, also taking into account sustainable agriculture and environmental protection aspects. The aim of the study in pot experiment was to evaluate the effects of four concentrations (control, ½X, X and 2X) of two fungicides (folpet, thiuram) on soil microbial populations such as aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, filamentous fungi, cellulose-decomposing microbes, phosphate-solubilizing microbes, soil respiration (CO2 release) and four soil enzymatic activities of dehydrogenase, urease, phosphatase, β-glucosidase in brown forest soil, using pot experiment. The results indicated that the application of thiuram ha smore ecotoxicological effects on the microbial populations and enzymatic activities than folpet at the concentrations X and 2X. The soil respiration was increased by increasing the concentrations of fungicides. For further research, it is important to use other soil types and other pesticides, it is recommended to set up further experiments to get an even more complete and comprehensive picture of the soil biological affected by pesticides as soil pollutant agents.