Effects of different pesticides on the activity of some enzymes in the rhizosphere of brown forest soil

Abstract

Pesticides (herbicides, fungicides, zoocides, etc.) include all substances that reduce the harmful effects, or destroy pests that damage agricultural products or endanger humans in some way. Soil microbiotas produce countless enzymes, some of which can be induced or inhibited by certain chemical substances. Pesticides are made up of active ingredients, carriers and auxiliary substances. During their development, it is necessary to ensure that the active substance, which is the carrier of the biological activity, breaks down into biologically ineffective decomposition products after exerting the desired effect and does not have a harmful effect on the activity of the enzymes. In the present study, the pesticides used are: two herbicides (Ro-neet 6E, vernolat), two fungicides (fundazol 50 WP, Dithane M-45) and two zoocides (rogor L-40, phosphotion). Doses used during the study: (control; 1/2X, X (active ingredient: dose used in field) and 2X) of the active ingredient of each plant protection agent. After four weeks, the treated samples were analyzed in a controlled environment at 28°C and 45% soil moisture. The results showed the effect of different pesticides on the experiment, based on which it can be concluded that the order of toxicity was as follows: Dithane M-45 > vernolate > fundazol 50 WP > phosphotion > Ro-neet 6E > rogor L-40. The use of a double dose reduced the enzyme activity compared to the control. The use of the lowest concentration of pesticides showed a stimulating effect on the activity of the enzymes. Finally, it can be concluded that the used pesticides influenced the biological parameters of the examined brown forest soil in several ways, and these effects change the quality of the soil from different aspects. The plant protection agents used during the test must be chosen in such a way that they do not have a harmful effect on the biological functions of the soil. By analyzing the research, substances that have a positive or neutral effect on the biological functions of the soil can be used in agricultural practice.