Calculating the parameters of 2D Helmert transformation by robust method

Abstract

Helmert transformation is an essential tool of the geodetic calculations. In most cases we use less squares method to calculate the parameters of the transformation, but this way is sensitive when the control points contains outlier data, for exam- ple a point has wrong coordinates. This paper describes a robust method to calculate the parameters of Helmert transformation, and analyze the result, compare with the less squares method.