Advances in the application of orthotic insoles for flatfoot treatment

Abstract

Structural abnormalities in the foot arch, such as flatfoot, can cause issues like plantar fasciitis and hallux valgus. Orthotic insoles effectively alleviate discomfort by enhancing plantar proprioception, optimizing pressure distribution, and improving ankle stability. Custom insoles, particularly for children, restore the arch and compensate for its function, showing significant benefits for patients with severe symptoms or multiple joint disorders. However, challenges include unclear biomechanical mechanisms, limited long-term follow-up data, and insufficient studies under weight-bearing conditions. Future research should involve rigorously designed, large-scale clinical trials to explore the long-term efficacy of custom insoles and their biomechanical effects in diverse flatfoot populations.