The Modernization Opportunities of Manicure and Nail Extension Training in an International Context

Abstract

Manicure and nail extensions are among the fastest-growing parts of the beauty industry, meeting not only aesthetic needs but also hygienic and social expectations. In Hungary, vocational training is organized within a state-regulated system, based on detailed textbooks and a unified exam structure. This has clear advantages, such as ensuring thorough professional knowledge and quality control. However, it also has weaknesses: most of the curriculum focuses on traditional techniques, while modern methods (e.g. reverse tip, gel tip, gel polish) get little attention, and business, digital, and marketing knowledge is often neglected. The study is based on literature review and the analysis of international examples. In Germany, flexibility is the main principle; in the United Kingdom, competency-based and portfolio-focused training is typical; in the United States, the licensing system and mandatory continuing education dominate; while in Japan, a strict multi-level exam system emphasizes precision. These examples show that modern technology, practical competencies, and strengthening the prestige of the profession are all essential in developing vocational training. According to the results, modernizing Hungarian training would require including new technologies in the curriculum, allowing the use of gel polish and electric files during exams, and putting more focus on business and digital skills. These improvements could help Hungarian professionals gain up-to-date, competitive knowledge, and ensure that training keeps pace with international trends and the objectives of the Vocational Training 4.0 strategy (Vocational Training 4.0, 2019; CEDEFOP, 2022; UNESCO-UNEVOC, 2021).